機床鑄件液壓系統故障診斷原則同重型工作組成

[一]、數控機床液壓系統故障診斷原則
一是先主(zhu)后次的原(yuan)則(ze)。大型床身鑄件針對可能(neng)性較(jiao)大的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)深入(ru)(ru)的(de)探測，若(ruo)這個可能(neng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)不是(shi)正確(que)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)，再(zai)進(jin)一步深入(ru)(ru)探測二可能(neng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)。關鍵問題就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)如何判斷各(ge)種(zhong)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)發生的(de)可能(neng)性大小(xiao)，方法是(shi)根據故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)信息以及經(jing)驗進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排(pai)(pai)(pai)序(xu)，有(you)以下幾種(zhong)方式：特(te)征信息排(pai)(pai)(pai)序(xu)，即(ji)將故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)發生的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)特(te)征信息初步進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排(pai)(pai)(pai)序(xu)后，然后就(jiu)(jiu)對各(ge)種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一一檢查。初始(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)素排(pai)(pai)(pai)序(xu)，即(ji)將質(zhi)量差(cha)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)、負載較(jiao)大元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)、長時間(jian)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)以及緊(jin)密易損壞元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)作為優先檢查的(de)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)。故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)概率排(pai)(pai)(pai)序(xu)，即(ji)利用(yong)統計的(de)手(shou)段計算出各(ge)種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)發生概率的(de)大小(xiao)作為依(yi)據，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)檢查次(ci)序(xu)的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)定。
二是(shi)先易(yi)后難的(de)(de)(de)原則，就是(shi)先檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)便于拆卸、直接(jie)觀察以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)測試的(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)或者元部(bu)(bu)件，例如(ru)便于測試的(de)(de)(de)電氣系統(tong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)便于直接(jie)觀察的(de)(de)(de)冷卻水(shui)等(deng)方面。然(ran)后，再排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)難以(yi)(yi)(yi)直接(jie)觀察測試或者換拆卸的(de)(de)(de)因素，例如(ru)體(ti)積(ji)較大且十分笨重的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓缸(gang)(gang)和液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓泵等(deng)。一般(ban)設備(bei)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)環境、結(jie)構(gou)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)圍元件等(deng)較容易(yi)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)，而具有復(fu)雜內部(bu)(bu)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)元部(bu)(bu)件不易(yi)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓系統(tong)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)時一般(ban)按(an)照液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓閥、液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓泵、液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓缸(gang)(gang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓馬達的(de)(de)(de)先后順序(xu)逐個(ge)排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)。
[二]、重型數控機床工作組成(cheng)
重(zhong)型龍(long)門(men)(men)銑鎖床根據橫梁(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)龍(long)門(men)(men)架(jia)是否移動(dong)(dong)分類為：定梁(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)門(men)(men)固定式(shi)、動(dong)(dong)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)門(men)(men)固定式(shi)、定梁(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)門(men)(men)移動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)定梁(liang)(liang)(liang)橋(qiao)式(shi))、動(dong)(dong)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)門(men)(men)移動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)動(dong)(dong)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)橋(qiao)式(shi))。此系列重(zhong)型數控龍(long)門(men)(men)銑鎖床主要用于重(zhong)型以及超(chao)重(zhong)型機械基礎零件的(de)加工，特(te)別適用于各種大尺寸、特(te)殊材料的(de)平面、曲面、空(kong)間曲面和(he)孔的(de)數控加工。
大型鑄件主要采(cai)用數(shu)字化信息來(lai)實現驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)和自動(dong)(dong)控(kong)(kong)制。先將零(ling)件的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)信息按照要求(qiu)編寫加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程序，然后將零(ling)件的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程序輸(shu)入(ru)到數(shu)控(kong)(kong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，數(shu)控(kong)(kong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)經過處理(li)、運算(suan)后將執行指令發(fa)送給伺(si)服驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，進而驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)伺(si)服電機運動(dong)(dong)，帶動(dong)(dong)各軸(zhou)運動(dong)(dong)，檢測裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)將機床(chuang)的信息反饋(kui)給數(shu)控(kong)(kong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，保障了(le)機床(chuang)有條不紊的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)出所需零(ling)件。
數控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)一般由電氣控(kong)(kong)制與驅動(dong)系統、輔助系統、機(ji)床(chuang)本體和數控(kong)(kong)裝置組成。
隨著科學(xue)技術的(de)(de)發(fa)展，電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)制與(yu)驅動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)在現(xian)代(dai)重(zhong)型數控(kong)機(ji)床方(fang)面越來(lai)越重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)地(di)位。XKA28系(xi)列龍門銑鎖床電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)制與(yu)驅動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外先進(jin)技術：采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)德(de)國(guo)(guo)西(xi)(xi)門子840D數控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)；主(zhu)軸驅動采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)西(xi)(xi)門子6RA70調速(su)裝置(zhi)和(he)1PH主(zhu)軸電(dian)機(ji)；進(jin)給驅動采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)西(xi)(xi)門子公(gong)(gong)司生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)611D全數字(zi)交(jiao)流調速(su)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)1FT交(jiao)流伺服電(dian)機(ji)；各進(jin)給軸位置(zhi)檢測均采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)德(de)國(guo)(guo)海漢德(de)公(gong)(gong)司是(shi)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)光(guang)柵尺，實現(xian)全閉環控(kong)制；主(zhu)軸定位檢測裝置(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)德(de)國(guo)(guo)西(xi)(xi)門子公(gong)(gong)司的(de)(de)齒(chi)形(xing)光(guang)電(dian)編(bian)碼(ma)盤(pan)；其他主(zhu)要(yao)電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)制元器件采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外廠家產(chan)(chan)品，從而保證了電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)制與(yu)驅動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)可靠運行。